Calophyllum inophyllum

photo credit: Forest and Kim Starr

Best practices for survivability and field observations

Many noted that as a coastal shade tree, it is a favorite for restoration since it is robust and can proliferate, becoming aggressive once it produces seeds. It yields prolific fruit while its round nuts can be messy and hazardous to walk on in urban settings (sidewalks). Reviews were mixed about its ability to tolerate hot, dry conditions. One respondent said that at their Moanalua, O‘ahu restoration site, there are seedlings coming up. Another respondent noted that there are also varieties that work in higher elevations (such as on Pohnpei). Cultural uses are for kapa scenting, medicinal, and use of the wood.

Stressors and pests

One noted that goats and/or deer will eat it or rub it, although another mentioned that it has thick, irritating sap (possibly as a deterrent).

Availability and propagation

Several said that it is readily available, fast growing from seed (which can be abundant and are found on each island), and easy to propagate. One noted that a better root system by germinating from seeds. Seedlings can be found under mature trees.

Survey Results

For information about the survey, refer to our article: on Coastal Plants for Creating Green Breaks