Morinda citrifolia
Best practices for survivability and field observations
Respondents noted that it is a hardy, small shade tree, and that it can become aggressive, spreading easily and that it grows in dry and also rocky areas. One mentioned that it can be slow growing to start and low in habit. Several noted that it can handle hot, dry conditions (for example Ahihi Kina‘u, Maui), and that it appears to recover after fire. One noted it can be messy in urban settings and that the fruit is a slipping hazard. Reviews were mixed on the fruit, noting it can be messy and a slipping hazard and its scent–one saying it smells bad, while another said the extent of the odor is exaggerated. Reviews were mixed on establishing noni at 2000′. One reported “some plants thrive while others barely survive or die quickly” while two respondents said that when it is planted closed to māmaki, this works well. Cultural uses include kapa dyes, for medicinal uses.
Stressors and pests
One respondent said that there are diseases that will attack it, and another said that deer will browse it (as a last resort).
Availability and propagation
Many said that it is fast growing, readily available by seed (sources include Kauluwehi, UH/MC campus), cuttings and root suckers.
Survey Results
For information about the survey, refer to our article: on Coastal Plants for Creating Green Breaks
Coastal Plant Hardiness Evaluation
Plant Tolerance | I don't know | susceptible | moderate | tolerant | extremely tolerant |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. `Ulu {‘Ulu (breadfruit)} (Artocarpus altilis) [drought] | 12 | 9 | 21 | 13 | 5 |
1. `Ulu {‘Ulu (breadfruit)} (Artocarpus altilis) [heat and/or wind] | 11 | 5 | 21 | 17 | 8 |
1. `Ulu {‘Ulu (breadfruit)} (Artocarpus altilis) [pests / pathogens] | 14 | 0 | 9 | 26 | 10 |
1. `Ulu {‘Ulu (breadfruit)} (Artocarpus altilis) [weed competition] | 13 | 0 | 7 | 24 | 16 |
1. `Ulu {‘Ulu (breadfruit)} (Artocarpus altilis) [palatable to deer/goats/etc] | 34 | 13 | 9 | 3 | 2 |
2. Kou (Cordia subcordata) [drought] | 5 | 2 | 9 | 32 | 11 |
2. Kou (Cordia subcordata) [heat and/or wind] | 5 | 0 | 9 | 30 | 17 |
2. Kou (Cordia subcordata) [pests / pathogens] | 8 | 7 | 12 | 24 | 9 |
2. Kou (Cordia subcordata) [weed competition] | 6 | 1 | 10 | 32 | 11 |
2. Kou (Cordia subcordata) [palatable to deer/goats/etc] | 40 | 6 | 12 | 2 | 0 |
3. Milo (Thespesia populnea) [drought] | 5 | 0 | 9 | 24 | 22 |
3. Milo (Thespesia populnea) [heat and/or wind] | 5 | 0 | 5 | 20 | 29 |
3. Milo (Thespesia populnea) [pests / pathogens] | 12 | 1 | 3 | 24 | 21 |
3. Milo (Thespesia populnea) [weed competition] | 10 | 0 | 4 | 27 | 21 |
3. Milo (Thespesia populnea) [palatable to deer/goats/etc] | 41 | 5 | 6 | 8 | 2 |
4. Kukui, candlenut tree (Aleurites moluccanus) [drought] | 6 | 4 | 19 | 21 | 11 |
4. Kukui, candlenut tree (Aleurites moluccanus) [heat and/or wind] | 7 | 5 | 18 | 20 | 12 |
4. Kukui, candlenut tree (Aleurites moluccanus) [pests / pathogens] | 10 | 3 | 7 | 26 | 14 |
4. Kukui, candlenut tree (Aleurites moluccanus) [weed competition] | 8 | 0 | 6 | 30 | 17 |
4. Kukui, candlenut tree (Aleurites moluccanus) [palatable to deer/goats/etc] | 39 | 5 | 7 | 4 | 4 |
5. Mai`a {Mai‘a, banana} (Musa species) [drought] | 8 | 30 | 17 | 4 | 0 |
5. Mai`a {Mai‘a, banana} (Musa species) [heat and/or wind] | 9 | 24 | 15 | 12 | 0 |
5. Mai`a {Mai‘a, banana} (Musa species) [pests / pathogens] | 8 | 31 | 19 | 2 | 0 |
5. Mai`a {Mai‘a, banana} (Musa species) [weed competition] | 11 | 4 | 23 | 17 | 5 |
5. Mai`a {Mai‘a, banana} (Musa species) [palatable to deer/goats/etc] | 31 | 22 | 6 | 1 | 0 |
6. ʻUala (Ipomoea batatas) [drought] | 9 | 5 | 24 | 16 | 5 |
6. ʻUala (Ipomoea batatas) [heat and/or wind] | 8 | 0 | 20 | 24 | 7 |
6. ʻUala (Ipomoea batatas) [pests / pathogens] | 11 | 13 | 21 | 13 | 1 |
6. ʻUala (Ipomoea batatas) [weed competition] | 11 | 11 | 21 | 12 | 4 |
6. ʻUala (Ipomoea batatas) [palatable to deer/goats/etc] | 24 | 28 | 5 | 1 | 0 |
7. Hau, beach hibiscus (Hibiscus tiliaceus) [drought] | 8 | 6 | 8 | 26 | 10 |
7. Hau, beach hibiscus (Hibiscus tiliaceus) [heat and/or wind] | 7 | 1 | 6 | 29 | 16 |
7. Hau, beach hibiscus (Hibiscus tiliaceus) [pests / pathogens] | 10 | 1 | 6 | 28 | 13 |
7. Hau, beach hibiscus (Hibiscus tiliaceus) [weed competition] | 8 | 0 | 3 | 27 | 21 |
7. Hau, beach hibiscus (Hibiscus tiliaceus) [palatable to deer/goats/etc] | 40 | 7 | 7 | 4 | 1 |
8. Kamani tree (Calophyllum inophyllum) [drought] | 16 | 2 | 16 | 16 | 7 |
8. Kamani tree (Calophyllum inophyllum) [heat and/or wind] | 14 | 0 | 10 | 22 | 12 |
8. Kamani tree (Calophyllum inophyllum) [pests / pathogens] | 20 | 0 | 9 | 20 | 8 |
8. Kamani tree (Calophyllum inophyllum) [weed competition] | 17 | 1 | 7 | 22 | 11 |
8. Kamani tree (Calophyllum inophyllum) [palatable to deer/goats/etc] | 45 | 3 | 6 | 2 | 2 |
9. Noni (Morinda citrifolia) [drought] | 5 | 2 | 12 | 20 | 17 |
9. Noni (Morinda citrifolia) [heat and/or wind] | 6 | 1 | 13 | 22 | 17 |
9. Noni (Morinda citrifolia) [pests / pathogens] | 10 | 2 | 6 | 29 | 10 |
9. Noni (Morinda citrifolia) [weed competition] | 8 | 1 | 4 | 36 | 10 |
9. Noni (Morinda citrifolia) [palatable to deer/goats/etc] | 40 | 7 | 4 | 6 | 2 |
10. Monkey pod (Samanea saman) [drought] | 11 | 1 | 18 | 17 | 10 |
10. Monkey pod (Samanea saman) [heat and/or wind] | 10 | 2 | 12 | 23 | 10 |
10. Monkey pod (Samanea saman) [pests / pathogens] | 16 | 0 | 6 | 27 | 8 |
10. Monkey pod (Samanea saman) [weed competition] | 13 | 0 | 4 | 31 | 10 |
10. Monkey pod (Samanea saman) [palatable to deer/goats/etc] | 38 | 9 | 4 | 5 | 1 |
11. Shower trees (Cassia species) [drought] | 23 | 3 | 14 | 12 | 4 |
11. Shower trees (Cassia species) [heat and/or wind] | 21 | 2 | 7 | 21 | 4 |
11. Shower trees (Cassia species) [pests / pathogens] | 26 | 0 | 5 | 20 | 3 |
11. Shower trees (Cassia species) [weed competition] | 27 | 0 | 8 | 18 | 2 |
11. Shower trees (Cassia species) [palatable to deer/goats/etc] | 46 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
12. Seagrape (Coccoloba uvifera) [drought] | 20 | 0 | 4 | 21 | 9 |
12. Seagrape (Coccoloba uvifera) [heat and/or wind] | 19 | 0 | 2 | 17 | 16 |
12. Seagrape (Coccoloba uvifera) [pests / pathogens] | 24 | 0 | 2 | 19 | 8 |
12. Seagrape (Coccoloba uvifera) [weed competition] | 23 | 1 | 1 | 22 | 7 |
12. Seagrape (Coccoloba uvifera) [palatable to deer/goats/etc] | 44 | 3 | 1 | 5 | 1 |
13. Mango (Mangifera indica) [drought] | 8 | 4 | 13 | 23 | 10 |
13. Mango (Mangifera indica) [heat and/or wind] | 7 | 5 | 12 | 22 | 10 |
13. Mango (Mangifera indica) [pests / pathogens] | 11 | 5 | 18 | 20 | 5 |
13. Mango (Mangifera indica) [weed competition] | 12 | 1 | 7 | 30 | 9 |
13. Mango (Mangifera indica) [palatable to deer/goats/etc] | 33 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 4 |
14. Lychee (Litchi chinensis) [drought] | 16 | 12 | 16 | 12 | 1 |
14. Lychee (Litchi chinensis) [heat and/or wind] | 16 | 7 | 15 | 17 | 1 |
14. Lychee (Litchi chinensis) [pests / pathogens] | 18 | 4 | 18 | 16 | 1 |
14. Lychee (Litchi chinensis) [weed competition] | 19 | 1 | 13 | 21 | 3 |
14. Lychee (Litchi chinensis) [palatable to deer/goats/etc] | 42 | 7 | 2 | 3 | 2 |
15. Longan (Dimocarpus longan) [drought] | 27 | 7 | 13 | 7 | 2 |
15. Longan (Dimocarpus longan) [heat and/or wind] | 26 | 4 | 11 | 11 | 2 |
15. Longan (Dimocarpus longan) [pests / pathogens] | 28 | 2 | 8 | 16 | 1 |
15. Longan (Dimocarpus longan) [weed competition] | 29 | 1 | 8 | 14 | 3 |
15. Longan (Dimocarpus longan) [palatable to deer/goats/etc] | 45 | 4 | 1 | 4 | 1 |
16. Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus): [drought] | 26 | 4 | 17 | 5 | 2 |
16. Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus): [heat and/or wind] | 24 | 3 | 13 | 12 | 2 |
16. Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus): [pests / pathogens] | 27 | 1 | 9 | 12 | 4 |
16. Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus): [weed competition] | 27 | 1 | 7 | 13 | 6 |
16. Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus): [palatable to deer/goats/etc] | 45 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 1 |
17. Naio (Myoporum sandwicense var sandwicense) [drought] | 7 | 2 | 5 | 19 | 26 |
17. Naio (Myoporum sandwicense var sandwicense) [heat and/or wind] | 6 | 1 | 5 | 17 | 30 |
17. Naio (Myoporum sandwicense var sandwicense) [pests / pathogens] | 10 | 28 | 9 | 6 | 4 |
17. Naio (Myoporum sandwicense var sandwicense) [weed competition] | 11 | 3 | 15 | 23 | 6 |
17. Naio (Myoporum sandwicense var sandwicense) [palatable to deer/goats/etc] | 33 | 9 | 8 | 5 | 3 |
18. Koaia (Acacia koaia) [drought] | 11 | 3 | 13 | 23 | 8 |
18. Koaia (Acacia koaia) [heat and/or wind] | 10 | 1 | 15 | 22 | 9 |
18. Koaia (Acacia koaia) [pests / pathogens] | 14 | 10 | 18 | 16 | 1 |
18. Koaia (Acacia koaia) [weed competition] | 13 | 3 | 18 | 20 | 4 |
18. Koaia (Acacia koaia) [palatable to deer/goats/etc] | 33 | 17 | 6 | 1 | 0 |
19. Neleau or Neneleau (Rhus sandwicensis) [drought] | 29 | 5 | 11 | 8 | 3 |
19. Neleau or Neneleau (Rhus sandwicensis) [heat and/or wind] | 30 | 3 | 9 | 11 | 2 |
19. Neleau or Neneleau (Rhus sandwicensis) [pests / pathogens] | 31 | 2 | 6 | 12 | 4 |
19. Neleau or Neneleau (Rhus sandwicensis) [weed competition] | 29 | 0 | 5 | 17 | 4 |
19. Neleau or Neneleau (Rhus sandwicensis) [palatable to deer/goats/etc] | 46 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 2 |
20. Lonomea or manele [drought] | 15 | 2 | 10 | 22 | 8 |
20. Lonomea or manele [heat and/or wind] | 16 | 1 | 9 | 23 | 8 |
20. Lonomea or manele [pests / pathogens] | 17 | 1 | 8 | 22 | 8 |
20. Lonomea or manele [weed competition] | 18 | 2 | 11 | 17 | 9 |
20. Lonomea or manele [palatable to deer/goats/etc] | 48 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 1 |
21. Hōʻawa (Pittosporum species) [drought] | 18 | 2 | 16 | 13 | 2 |
21. Hōʻawa (Pittosporum species) [heat and/or wind] | 18 | 1 | 13 | 16 | 2 |
21. Hōʻawa (Pittosporum species) [pests / pathogens] | 21 | 2 | 10 | 18 | 1 |
21. Hōʻawa (Pittosporum species) [weed competition] | 20 | 2 | 16 | 13 | 0 |
21. Hōʻawa (Pittosporum species) [palatable to deer/goats/etc] | 36 | 8 | 3 | 4 | 0 |
22. Pohuehue (Ipomoea pes-caprae) [drought] | 13 | 1 | 1 | 23 | 23 |
22. Pohuehue (Ipomoea pes-caprae) [heat and/or wind] | 12 | 0 | 1 | 21 | 27 |
22. Pohuehue (Ipomoea pes-caprae) [pests / pathogens] | 19 | 3 | 9 | 19 | 10 |
22. Pohuehue (Ipomoea pes-caprae) [weed competition] | 16 | 6 | 13 | 14 | 11 |
22. Pohuehue (Ipomoea pes-caprae) [palatable to deer/goats/etc] | 41 | 5 | 6 | 4 | 3 |
23. Beach naupaka (Scaevola taccada) [drought] | 2 | 0 | 6 | 28 | 27 |
23. Beach naupaka (Scaevola taccada) [heat and/or wind] | 2 | 0 | 3 | 25 | 34 |
23. Beach naupaka (Scaevola taccada) [pests / pathogens] | 9 | 2 | 5 | 25 | 21 |
23. Beach naupaka (Scaevola taccada) [weed competition] | 6 | 0 | 5 | 31 | 20 |
23. Beach naupaka (Scaevola taccada) [palatable to deer/goats/etc] | 42 | 6 | 6 | 4 | 3 |
24. Ma`o {Ma‘o} (Gossypium tomentosum) [drought] | 7 | 0 | 1 | 24 | 27 |
24. Ma`o {Ma‘o} (Gossypium tomentosum) [heat and/or wind] | 8 | 0 | 2 | 21 | 27 |
24. Ma`o {Ma‘o} (Gossypium tomentosum) [pests / pathogens] | 13 | 5 | 13 | 20 | 6 |
24. Ma`o {Ma‘o} (Gossypium tomentosum) [weed competition] | 12 | 3 | 13 | 22 | 7 |
24. Ma`o {Ma‘o} (Gossypium tomentosum) [palatable to deer/goats/etc] | 35 | 8 | 5 | 5 | 4 |
25. ʻUlei (Osteomeles anthyllidifolia) [drought] | 6 | 0 | 7 | 25 | 23 |
25. ʻUlei (Osteomeles anthyllidifolia) [heat and/or wind] | 6 | 0 | 3 | 25 | 27 |
25. ʻUlei (Osteomeles anthyllidifolia) [pests / pathogens] | 14 | 0 | 4 | 30 | 12 |
25. ʻUlei (Osteomeles anthyllidifolia) [weed competition] | 11 | 3 | 8 | 27 | 10 |
25. ʻUlei (Osteomeles anthyllidifolia) [palatable to deer/goats/etc] | 36 | 7 | 4 | 9 | 1 |
26. Alaheʻe (Psydrax odorata) [drought] | 7 | 2 | 8 | 21 | 18 |
26. Alaheʻe (Psydrax odorata) [heat and/or wind] | 7 | 1 | 7 | 24 | 17 |
26. Alaheʻe (Psydrax odorata) [pests / pathogens] | 9 | 7 | 18 | 15 | 8 |
26. Alaheʻe (Psydrax odorata) [weed competition] | 10 | 1 | 14 | 23 | 8 |
26. Alaheʻe (Psydrax odorata) [palatable to deer/goats/etc] | 35 | 8 | 5 | 6 | 2 |
27. ʻUhaloa (Waltheria indica) [drought] | 7 | 0 | 1 | 14 | 38 |
27. ʻUhaloa (Waltheria indica) [heat and/or wind] | 7 | 0 | 2 | 13 | 39 |
27. ʻUhaloa (Waltheria indica) [pests / pathogens] | 10 | 0 | 4 | 14 | 31 |
27. ʻUhaloa (Waltheria indica) [weed competition] | 9 | 1 | 6 | 14 | 29 |
27. ʻUhaloa (Waltheria indica) [palatable to deer/goats/etc] | 35 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 11 |
28. ʻĀweoweo (Chenopodium oahuense) [drought] | 8 | 1 | 2 | 19 | 27 |
28. ʻĀweoweo (Chenopodium oahuense) [heat and/or wind] | 9 | 1 | 3 | 15 | 29 |
28. ʻĀweoweo (Chenopodium oahuense) [pests / pathogens] | 12 | 1 | 3 | 22 | 20 |
28. ʻĀweoweo (Chenopodium oahuense) [weed competition] | 9 | 2 | 8 | 21 | 15 |
28. ʻĀweoweo (Chenopodium oahuense) [palatable to deer/goats/etc] | 35 | 6 | 6 | 3 | 7 |
29. Pohinahina (Vitex rotundifolia) [drought] | 2 | 0 | 5 | 24 | 26 |
29. Pohinahina (Vitex rotundifolia) [heat and/or wind] | 2 | 0 | 2 | 19 | 35 |
29. Pohinahina (Vitex rotundifolia) [pests / pathogens] | 7 | 0 | 3 | 19 | 29 |
29. Pohinahina (Vitex rotundifolia) [weed competition] | 6 | 3 | 7 | 21 | 19 |
29. Pohinahina (Vitex rotundifolia) [palatable to deer/goats/etc] | 34 | 3 | 5 | 6 | 8 |
30. ʻĀkia (Wikstroemia uva-ursi) [drought] | 7 | 1 | 5 | 31 | 16 |
30. ʻĀkia (Wikstroemia uva-ursi) [heat and/or wind] | 6 | 1 | 4 | 30 | 18 |
30. ʻĀkia (Wikstroemia uva-ursi) [pests / pathogens] | 11 | 1 | 8 | 26 | 14 |
30. ʻĀkia (Wikstroemia uva-ursi) [weed competition] | 6 | 3 | 19 | 23 | 8 |
30. ʻĀkia (Wikstroemia uva-ursi) [palatable to deer/goats/etc] | 34 | 4 | 6 | 6 | 6 |
Plant Tolerance | I don't know | susceptible | moderate | tolerant | extremely tolerant |